• Abstract
  Amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi, aveliswa kwiinkqubo zemizi-mveliso ezifana nokucocwa kwe-oyile, ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali, kunye nezityalo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini, abangela imingeni ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo nezoqoqosho ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuntsonkothileyo kunye nesiqulatho setyuwa eninzi. Iindlela zonyango zesiNtu, kubandakanywa ukuvela komphunga kunye nokuhluzwa kwe-membrane, zihlala zilwa nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamandla okanye ungcoliseko lwesibini. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ion-membrane electrolysis njengendlela entsha yokunyanga amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eninzi. Ngokusebenzisa imigaqo ye-electrochemical kunye ne-ion-exchange membranes, le teknoloji ibonelela ngezisombululo ezinokubakho zokubuyisela ityuwa, ukuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Iindlela zokuthuthwa kwe-ion-selective, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kunye ne-scalability zixoxwa, kunye nemingeni efana ne-membrane fouling kunye ne-corrosion. Izifundo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwamva nje kugxininisa indima ethembisayo ye-ion-membrane electrolyzers kulawulo lwamanzi amdaka oluzinzileyo.

• 1. Intshayelelo*
  Amanzi amdaka anetyuwa ephezulu, abonakaliswe ziziqina ezinyibilikisiweyo ezidlula i-5,000 mg/L, ngumba obalulekileyo kumashishini apho ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwakhona kunye nokukhutshwa kolwelo oluyi-zero-liquid (ZLD) kubekwe phambili. Unyango oluqhelekileyo olufana ne-osmosis eguquguqukayo (RO) kunye ne-thermal evaporation ijongene nokulinganiselwa ekuphatheni iimeko eziphezulu ze-saline, ezikhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza kunye nokungcola kwe-membrane. I-ion-membrane electrolysis, eyenzelwe ukuveliswa kwe-chlor-alkali, iye yavela njengenye indlela eguquguqukayo. Le teknoloji isebenzisa ii-membrane ezikhethiweyo ze-ion ukwahlula kunye nokulawula ukufuduka kwe-ion ngexesha le-electrolysis, eyenza ukucocwa kwamanzi ngaxeshanye kunye nokubuyiswa kobutyebi.

• 2. Umgaqo we-Ion-Membrane Electrolysis*
  I-ion-membrane electrolyzer iqukethe i-anode, i-cathode, kunye ne-cation-exchange membrane okanye i-anion-exchange membrane. Ngexesha le-electrolysis:
• I-Cation-Exchange Membrane:Ivumela ii-cations (umz., Na⁺, Ca²⁺) ukuba zidlule ngelixa ivalela i-anion (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻), isalathisa imfuduko ye-ion ukuya kwii-electrode ezifanelekileyo.
• Iintshukumo zoMbane:
• Inode:I-oxidation ye-chloride ion yenza igesi ye-chlorine kunye ne-hypochlorite, ethoba i-organics kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane emanzini.
  2Cl−→Cl2+2e−2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻2Cl−→Cl2+2e−
• I-Cathode:Ukucuthwa kwamanzi kuvelisa igesi yehydrogen kunye ne-hydroxide ion, ephucula i-pH kunye nokukhuthaza imvula yeeyoni zetsimbi.
  2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻2H2O+2e−→H2+2OH−
• Ukwahlulwa Kwetyuwa:I-membrane iququzelela ukuthuthwa kwe-ion ekhethiweyo, ivumela ukugxilwa kwe-brine kunye nokubuyiswa kwamanzi ahlambulukileyo.

3. Ukufakwa kwezicelo kuGutyulo lwamanzi amdaka anobutyuwa obuphezulu*
a.UkuBuyiswa kweTyuwa kunye nokuValanyiswa kweBrine
Iinkqubo ze-Ion-membrane zinokugxininisa imilambo ye-brine (umzekelo, ukusuka kwi-RO reject) ukwenzela i-crystallization yetyuwa okanye imveliso ye-sodium hydroxide. Umzekelo, izityalo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini olwandle zinokuphinda zifumane i-NaCl njengemveliso.

b.Ukonakaliswa kokuNgcolisa kwezinto eziphilayo
I-oxidation ye-Electrochemical kwi-anode yophula i-refractory organics ngokusebenzisa ii-oxidants ezinamandla ezifana ne-ClO⁻ kunye ne-HOCl. Uphononongo lubonisa i-90% yokususwa kwee-phenolic compounds kwi-HSW efanisiweyo.

c.Ukususwa kwesinyithi esinzima
Iimeko ze-alkaline kwi-cathode zibangela i-hydroxide yesinyithi (umzekelo, i-Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺), ukufikelela>95% ngokufanelekileyo kokususa.

d.Ukucocwa kwamanzi
Ulingo olulingwayo lubonisa amazinga okufumana kwakhona amanzi ahlaziyekileyo adlula i-80% ngokuqhuba okuthotyiweyo ukusuka kwi-150,000 µS/cm ukuya ku-<1,000 µS/cm.