Nangona sisenokungayiqondi loo nto, wonke umntu ehlabathini unokuchatshazelwa kukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezingenazintsholongwane. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweenaliti ukutofa izitofu zokugonya, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza asindisa ubomi anjenge-insulin okanye i-epinephrine, okanye ngo-2020 ngethemba elinqabileyo kodwa iimeko zokwenyani, ukufaka ityhubhu yokungenisa umoya ukuze abaguli abane-Covid-19 bakwazi ukuphefumla.
Iimveliso ezininzi ezingabazali okanye eziziintsholongwane zinokuveliswa kwindawo ecocekileyo kodwa engeyiyo intsholongwane emva koko zibulawe iintsholongwane, kodwa zikho nezinye iimveliso eziziintsholongwane ezingakwaziyo ukuvala iintsholongwane.
Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yokubulala iintsholongwane isenokuquka ubushushu obumanzi (okt, autoclaving), ubushushu obomileyo (okt, depyrogenation oven), ukusetyenziswa komphunga wehydrogen peroxide, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemichiza esebenza phezu komhlaba edla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-surfactants (ezifana ne-70% isopropanol [ IPA] okanye i-sodium hypochlorite [i-bleach]), okanye i-gamma irradiation usebenzisa i-cobalt 60 isotope.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela kunokubangela umonakalo, ukuthotywa okanye ukungasebenzi kwemveliso yokugqibela. Iindleko zezi ndlela nazo ziya kuba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekukhethweni kwendlela yokuvala inzala, kuba umenzi kufuneka aqwalasele impembelelo yoku kwiindleko zemveliso yokugqibela. Umzekelo, umntu okhuphisana naye unokulenza buthathaka ixabiso lemveliso, ngoko ke inokuthengiswa ngexabiso eliphantsi. Oku akuthethi ukuba le teknoloji yokuvala inzala ayinakusetyenziswa apho kusetyenziswa ukusetyenzwa kwe-aseptic, kodwa iya kuzisa imingeni emitsha.
Umngeni wokuqala wokulungiswa kwe-aseptic yindawo apho imveliso iveliswa khona. Indawo kufuneka yakhiwe ngendlela yokunciphisa iindawo ezivaliweyo, zisebenzisa izihluzi zomoya ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-HEPA) ukuze kungene umoya ococekileyo, kwaye kulula ukuzicoca, ukuyigcina, kunye nokukhupha iintsholongwane.
Umngeni wesibini kukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amacandelo, abaphakathi, okanye iimveliso zokugqibela kwigumbi kufuneka kwakhona kube lula ukucoceka, ukugcinwa, kunye nokungawi (ukukhulula amasuntswana ngokusebenzisana nezinto okanye ukuhamba komoya). Kushishino oluhlala luphucuka, xa usenza izinto ezintsha, nokuba ufanele uthenge izixhobo zamva nje okanye unamathele kubuchwephesha obudala obubonakalise ukuba busebenza kakuhle, kuya kubakho ibhalansi yeendleko. Njengoko isixhobo siguga, sinokuba sesichengeni sokonakala, ukusilela, ukuvuza kwe-lubricant, okanye inxalenye yokucheba (kwanakwinqanaba lemicroscopic), nto leyo enokubangela ukosuleleka kwendawo. Yingakho ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nenkqubo yokuhlaziywa kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukuba izixhobo zifakwe kwaye zigcinwe ngokuchanekileyo, ezi ngxaki zinokuncitshiswa kwaye kulula ukuzilawula.
Emva koko ukuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezithile (ezifana nezixhobo zokugcinwa okanye ukukhutshwa kwezinto kunye nezixhobo zecandelo ezifunekayo ukwenza imveliso egqityiweyo) kudala imingeni eyongezelelweyo. Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka zisuswe kwindawo yokuqala evulekileyo nengalawulwayo ukuya kwindawo yokuvelisa i-aseptic, efana nesithuthi sokuhambisa, indawo yokugcina, okanye indawo yokuvelisa kwangaphambili. Ngesi sizathu, izixhobo kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngaphambi kokungena kwipakethe kwindawo yokusetyenzwa kwe-aseptic, kwaye umaleko wangaphandle wokupakisha kufuneka ucocwe ngoko nangoko ngaphambi kokungena.
Ngokufanayo, iindlela zokukhupha iintsholongwane zinokubangela umonakalo kwizinto ezingena kwindawo yokuvelisa i-aseptic okanye zinokuba neendleko eziphezulu kakhulu. Imizekelo yoku inokubandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bezithako ezisebenzayo zoxubo mayeza, ezinokususa iiproteni okanye iibhondi zemolekyuli, ngaloo ndlela zivale ikhompawundi. Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha yemitha kubiza kakhulu kuba ukuvala ubushushu obumanzi lukhetho olukhawulezayo nolungabizi kakhulu kwimathiriyeli engenazimbobo.
Ukusebenza kunye nokomelela kwendlela nganye kufuneka kuhlolwe kwakhona ngamaxesha athile, okudla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukuhlaziywa kwakhona.
Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kukuba inkqubo yokucubungula iya kubandakanya intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu kwinqanaba elithile. Oku kungancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa imiqobo efana nomlomo weglavu okanye ngokusebenzisa umatshini, kodwa nangona inkqubo ihloselwe ukuba ibe yodwa ngokupheleleyo, naziphi na iimpazamo okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kufuna ukungenelela komntu.
Umzimba womntu udla ngokuthwala inani elikhulu lebhaktheriya. Ngokweengxelo, umntu oqhelekileyo uqulunqwe yi-1-3% yeebhaktheriya. Enyanisweni, umlinganiselo wenani lebhaktheriya kwinani leeseli zomntu malunga ne-10:1.1
Ekubeni iibhaktheriya zikho yonke indawo emzimbeni womntu, akunakwenzeka ukuba zipheliswe ngokupheleleyo. Xa umzimba ushukuma, uya kuthi gqolo uphalaze ulusu, ngokuguga kunye nokukrazula kunye nokuhamba komoya. Ebomini bonke, oku kunokufikelela malunga ne-35 kg. 2
Zonke ulusu oluphalaziweyo kunye neebhaktheriya ziya kubeka isoyikiso esikhulu songcoliseko ngexesha lokucutshungulwa kwe-aseptic, kwaye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisana nenkqubo, kunye nokusebenzisa imiqobo kunye neempahla ezingachithiyo ukuze kwandiswe ukukhuselwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umzimba womntu ngokwawo ngowona mba ubuthathaka kwikhonkco lolawulo longcoliseko. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukunciphisa inani labantu abathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-aseptic kwaye babeke iliso kwindlela yokusingqongileyo yongcoliseko lwemicrobial kwindawo yemveliso. Ukongeza kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokucoca kunye ne-disinfection, oku kunceda ukugcina i-bioburden yendawo yokucubungula i-aseptic kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye ivumela ukungenelela kwangaphambili xa kwenzeka nayiphi na "iincopho" zokungcola.
Ngamafutshane, apho kunokwenzeka, amanyathelo amaninzi anokuthi athathwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo olungena kwinkqubo ye-aseptic. La manyathelo aquka ukulawula nokubeka esweni okusingqongileyo, ukugcina amaziko kunye noomatshini abasetyenziswayo, ukucoca imathiriyeli yokufaka, kunye nokubonelela ngesikhokelo esichanekileyo senkqubo. Kukho amanye amanyathelo okulawula amaninzi, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo lokususa umoya, amaqhekeza, kunye neebhaktheriya kwindawo yenkqubo yokuvelisa. Akuthethwanga apha, kodwa ukusebenzisana kwabantu kuya kukhokelela kweyona ngxaki inkulu yokusilela kolawulo longcoliseko. Ngoko ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi inkqubo esetyenzisiweyo, ukubeka iliso okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphononongwa ngokuqhubekayo kwamanyathelo okulawula asetyenziswayo ahlala efunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izigulane ezigula kakhulu ziya kuqhubeka nokufumana ukunikezelwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kwemveliso yeemveliso ze-aseptic.